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Political context of nominations of justices of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
Binhack, Oto ; Ondřejková, Jana (advisor) ; Chmel, Jan (referee)
The political context of the selection of the judges of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic Abstract The thesis deals with the political context of the selection of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. The research question is whether the Senate's rejection of the President's nominees is more a manifestation of political power or a corrective to the high moral and professional quality of the Constitutional Court judges. Along with this, the thesis examines whether it would be appropriate to change the current legal regulation of the selection of constitutional judges. The first part of the thesis initially summarises the previous academic reflections on the topic, which mostly pointed out the inappropriateness of the possibility of reappointing constitutional judges, together with the linking of their terms of office to the president's, and the somewhat haphazard approach of senators to the assessment of candidates. Furthermore, this part of the thesis contains a definition of the research question consisting in a narrow conception of politics in the sense of policy. The second to fifth parts of the thesis are devoted to the terms of office of individual presidents, with a review of their unsuccessful nominations to the Constitutional Court, although in the case of Václav...
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Free law-finding (causes and consequences)
Henčeková, Slavomíra ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Bröstl, Alexander (referee)
Free law-finding (causes and consequences) Abstract This dissertation deals with the phenomenon of free law-finding and analyses its causes and consequences. The introduction outlines the aim of the dissertation, reasons for choosing this topic, the current state of research, especially in the Czech-Slovak legal environment, methodology and also briefly the issue of causality in general. The main part of the dissertation is divided in two parts. The first part contains description and analysis of the German Free Law Movement (Freirechtsschule) from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries led by the German legal scholar Hermann Kantorowicz and his manifesto The Battle for Legal Science (Der Kampf um die Rechtswissenschaft), which formed the theoretical basis of the Free Law Movement and, thus, also of this dissertation. In this part, the lives and works of the main representatives of the Free Law Movement are discussed (Hermann Kantorowicz, Ernst Fuchs, Eugen Ehrlich), but also some others are mentioned including Gustav Radbruch. At the end of the first part, the analysis of the free law in the theory of the Free Law Movement is provided, as well es of the causes and consequences which have led to the emergence and existence of the Free Law Movement; finally, the analysis of the consequences of the Free Law...
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The impact of the political question doctrine on decision-making of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
Procházková, Andrea ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Uhl, Pavel (referee)
The impact of the political question doctrine on decision-making of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic Abstract The thesis deals with the influence of the political question doctrine on decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. It explains the meaning of the political question in the United States, describes what the possible Czech political questions could be and outlines reasons for judicial restraint in the cases lying on the boundary of law and politics. The first part of the thesis briefly presents relations between constitutional law and the part of politics which is closely connected to the constitutional judiciary. This relationship is explained by a phenomenon called the judicialization of politics which describes the growing role of constitutional courts in solving political controversies and policy questions. Moreover, to better understand the impact of the political question doctrine on decision-making of Czech constitutional judges, the second part of the thesis deals with the origin and an establishment of this doctrine in the Supreme Court of the United States, and indicates its future development. The third and fourth part of the thesis focuses on defining the Czech political question, its limits and also on its application by the Constitutional Court...
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The Trust in law within the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
Huňová, Veronika ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Friedel, Tomáš (referee)
The Trust in law within the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic Abstract The main topic of the diploma thesis is an attitude of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic towards the principle of trust in law presented in its case law. The thesis is stratified into three major sections. The first part is focused on the Constitutional Court as one of the fundamental constitutional institutions - in the beginning of the thesis highlights its substance and explains why it's case law is worth studying in detail. Considering the main topic, some aspects described in this first part are analyzed through the optics of trust or credibility. Firstly, the significance of constitutionality protection and the history of constitutional judiciary are studied shortly. Further, this part inspects the position of the Constitutional Court within our constitutional system. Also, the relationship between the Constitutional Court and general courts is studied and separate chapter is dedicated to the legislation of the Constitutional Court's executive mechanisms. Moreover, the problematics of case law as a theoretical concept and controversial questions which are regarding the case law analysed in the literature are mentioned. The first part is concluded by investigating the criticized aspects of...
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The Political Character of Constitutional Review
Juhás, Juraj ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Kosař, David (referee) ; Kühn, Zdeněk (referee)
in the English language: The Political Character of Constitutional Review. In this thesis, we tried to find out whether constitutional review in the Czech Republic has at least partially a political character. In the Czech Republic, constitutional review is exercised by the Constitutional Court in two types of proceedings: (a) proceedings on derogation of statutes and other regulations (laws) and (b) proceedings on constitutional complaints against decisions or other interferences of public authorities in constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights or freedoms. In proceedings on derogation of laws, we found that judicial decision-making behaviour has at least partially a political character. The reason is, in particular, that (a) judges decide in favour of proposals for derogation of laws filed by legislators (deputies or senators) of the same political affiliation as the judges' appointing president more often than when the legislator's political affiliation is the opposite; (b) ideological assessment of the analysed decisions shows that ideological aspects of the decision-making of judges significantly correlate with the presumed ideology of their appointing president. Moreover, the differences in judicial activism are smaller than the differences between legislators of opposite political...
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Protection of personality in scope of legal philosophy and applicable law
Němec, Ronald ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Harvánek, Jaromír (referee) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
PROTECTION OF PERSONALITY IN SCOPE OF LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND APPLICABLE LAW 1. Summary We can see law from two main perspectives. Law is either complex of written regulations, which are prepared by human beings based on some interests or it is a complex of rules, which altough are written, but its nature are originating from higher normative system. First is a present perspective. Current law science is prefering valid law as complex of regulations published in statute book. What is not banned by law, is allowed. Though this law philosophy is leading to instability in society. Every year legislator is making hundreds of amendements and create new laws to cover new circumstances which appear in the society. Despite legislator effort is society further unsatisfied with legal state. Society claims that law is enforceable for those who are able to hire big law firms, which can find neccesary grey areas. Immanuel Kant among the first draw a problem between legality and legitimacy. But it is not only matter of legislator whether he acts legitimately or legally, but as well as of receiver of law norm. Is every legal act of the recepient of the legal order of the Czech Republic legal as legitimate? Legal yes, if in conformity with legal order. But is it even legitimate? And is it moral? For juspositivism is...
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Constitutional review of the limits of powers of the EU in the CR and Germany (the Lisbon Treaty and further development
Kupová, Věra ; Zemánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Král, Richard (referee)
CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF THE LIMITS OF POWERS OF THE EU IN THE CR AND GERMANY (THE LISBON TREATY AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT) The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the case-law of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany relevant to the question of the relationship between Union law and national law, paying attention especially to the problematic area of ultra vires review claims, ie to the right of the constitutional court of a Member State to take the final decision whether an act of any European institution exceeds powers that have been transferred from the Member States to the EU according to the Treaties. The thesis consists beside introduction and conclusion of four chapters. Chapter one introduces the key provisions of the national constitutions both in Germany and in the Czech Republic, which allow to the Member States to delegate some of their sovereign powers to the EU. Chapter two deals with earlier decisions of both constitutional courts regarding the matter of EU law (before the Lisbon judgement) and points out the leading premises which were most important for the future development of the case-law on relationship between Union law and national law. Chapter three provides an analysis of three judgements on the Treaty of Lisbon (the Lisbon...
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Methodology of legal interpretation in the case law of the Constitutional Court of the CR
Kadlec, Ondřej ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
1 This paper consists of two different parts. The first part is theoretical and descriptive and its three chapters are organized deductively. The second part analyses a methodology of interpretation of the Constitutional court of the Czech Republic. The first chapter concerns with important legal concepts such as law certainty, predictability of courts' decisions, justice and equality. It concludes that a methodology of interpretation plays a crucial role in all of these concepts. Next chapter examines such terms as application of law, interpretation of law, law argumentation and methodology of interpretation. The last chapter of the descriptive part presents two judicial strategies to interpretation. Judges in the first strategy use only internal law arguments (mainly text of the statutes) as opposite to the second strategy where judges do not rely on the text at all, but interpret the law with external law arguments (such as intent, unexpressed law principle, economical argument etc.). This chapter also briefly describes the most common methods of legal interpretation for every judicial strategy. Eventually this part tries to provide modern strategy which combines methods used by both strategies and is based on rational, full and open explanation of court decisions. Afterwards the paper shifts the focus...
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Application of natural law in the Czech jurisdiction
PANUŠ, Marek
This work deals with the development and possible application of natural law in the Czech judiciary. The first part of this work deals with relationship between natural and positive law, historical development of natural law and legal positivism. The second part investigates the current legal order of the Czech Republic and the practice of Constitutional Court, which should give judgements that are conformable with natural-law core of Constitution of the Czech Republic. The work reflects that there is some difficulty in application of natural rights in practice of Constitutional Court. On that account the work solves how is the natural law applied. However, the work finds out that there obviously aren?t any sources which would be treated about mentioned application. The third part of this work is engaged in possible proposal of natural law as a potential solution of difficulties that are connected with practice of Constitutional Court.
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